Pardons, clemency, and official actions that tracked donations, family business, or personal loyalty, and the access sold around them.
About the tiers. Tier A incidents are established by a primary document: a court ruling, an inspector general finding, a congressional record, an official disclosure, or the government's own filing. Tier B incidents are documented, but the dispositive fact has not been adjudicated: the litigation is live, the matter settled without a finding, or the characterization rests on sequence and inference rather than a ruling. Every Tier B record states, in its own words, what has not been established. We publish both, labeled.